Jahn - Teller distortions & Jahn - Teller effect in M.Sc class

                              J.T.D.    &     J.T.E.

        1.  Jahn - teller effect is found in octahedral complexes.

        2. Normal  octahedral complexes  convert to Abnormal condition.

          

        3. J.T.D.is found  two condition----

                    (a)  Perpendicular  metal ligand compress.

                    (b)  Perpendicular  metal ligand elongation.

                              
                         Figer--    J.T.D.  for an octahedral complex.

        3.   NO --J.T.D. Condition found.

                               1.   half field     

                               2.  full field

                               3.  h.f. & f.f.

             ex-- d3,d5,d6,d8,d10 orbital are not show J.T.E. 

      4.  J.T.D. Condition found in abnormal case.

             ex --d1,d2,d4,d7,d9 orbital are show J.T.E.

                   d1, d2,d4 = This orbital low J.T.E.

                         d7,d9 = This orbital high J.T.E.

                  

  5.  The expected effects for octahedral coordination are given in the following table.

               w: weak Jahn–Teller effect (t_2g orbitals unevenly occupied)

                s: strong Jahn–Teller effect expected (e_g orbitals unevenly occupied)

Stereo chemistry

.                                Isomer

      

      Two type of  Isomer 

            A.  Structural isomer

            B. Stereo    isomer

        

         A. Type of Structural isomer

              1.  Chain isomer 

             2.  position isomer 

             3. Functional isomer 

            4.  Metamers isomer

            5. Ring chain isomer

            6.  Tautomer isomer

       B. Type  of  Stereo  isomer

           1. Configurational

          2. Conformational

        1. Configurational

            1. Geometrical Isomerism  

           2. Optical Isomer

        1. Geometrical Isomerism  

           👉  Cis - Trans Naming

           👉  E-Z Naming (CIP Rule)

           👉   Syn - Anti Naming        

         2. Optical Isomer

            

         

CRYSTAL FIELD THEORY

                        CRYSTAL FIELD EFFECT  (CFT)  Theory

           

1.  CFT developed by H. Bethe & V. Bleck in (1935).

2.   In CFT the bonding between ligands and Central metal ion is considered burely ion. 

   

 3.  CFT describes the breaking of orbital degeneracy in transition metal complexes due to the presence of ligand.

4.   CFT qualitatively describes the strength of the metal-ligand bonds.

5.   CFT explains many important properties of   transition- metal complexes, including their colors,  magnetism, structures,  stability,  and reactivity.

6.   There are electrostatic attraction between positive charge ,  center metal atom and negative charge ligand .         This  attraction is similar to the ionic bond is solid crystal.

7.  In case of neutral Ligand like H2O and NH3 the palarity of ligand  is responsible for electrostatic attraction with the central metal ion.

SN1 & SN2 Reaction

                              SN1

Electronic configuration

Electronic configuration

1s                                      s=2

2s    2p                             p=6            

3s    3p    3d                    d=10

4s    4p     4d     4f           f=14

5s    5p     5d     5f

6s    6p     6d     6f

7s    7p     7d     7f

Electronic configuration

1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p , 6s

Electronic configuration

follow 👈

................................................................................................................ 

.................................... 

...........,........... 

.......... 

..... 

... 

. 

Psychology introduction

                                         Psychology   

  

# psychology दो शब्दों में बाटा गया हैं

1 psyche   का अर्थ हैं  soul (आत्मा) 

2 Logos      का अर्थ हैं knowledge (ज्ञान) 

  1  #... Aristotle (अरस्तु) जी ने बताये थे 

        [father of psychology]

        *  study of soul (आत्मा) 

2    #... John locke holds जी ने बताये थे 

           *    study of mind

 3   #.... wilhelm wundt जी ने बताये थे

             *  study of consciousness (चेतना) 

               [father of psychology]

             [ experimental father of psychology]

           frist Psychology laboratory   1879  Leipzig University 

  4   #....john Broadus Watson जी ने बताये थे

            *  study of behaviour ( व्यवहारवाद) 

                   Farmula ==S-R Theory

                     Stimulus Response Theory

                         OR

     #... R. S. Wood word जी ने बताये थे

             *study of mental process

                Farmula ==S-O-R Theory

                 Stimulus Organism Response Theory

                                    महत्वपूर्ण  प्रश्न

         

#  Father of Psychology = Aristotle

 #Father of Modern Psychology = William James

 # Father of Functionalism = William James

 #Concept of self concept = William James

 #Father of Educational Psychology = Edward Thorndike

 #Trial and error theory = Thorndike

 #Theory of Combination = Thorndike

 #Stimulus-response theory = Thorndike

 #Father of S-R theory = Thorndike

YouTube                  WhatsApp

AROMATICITY CHEMISTRY

1.AROMATICITY   

1 Cyclic

2 conjugated   ( electron delocolised in ring are called conjugation) 

3 planar ( 2D ) [corbon=sp2]

4 (4n+2)pi electron  (2pi electron, 6pi electron, 10pi electron) 

Huckel rule =

The Huckel 4n + 2 Pi Electron Rule

A ring-shaped cyclic molecule is said to follow the Huckel rule when the total number of pi electrons belonging to the molecule can be equated to the formula '4n + 2' where n can be any integer with a positive value (including zero).

2. ANTI-AROMATIC

1 cyclic

2 conjugated

3 planner

4 4n pi electron (4pi electron, 8pi electron, 12pi electron) 

3 NON-AROMATC

 Compound which are neither- aromatic , nor anti - aromatic are called non - aromatic. 

4 HOMO - AROMATIC 

1 Cyclic

2 conjugated

3 no  planner (sp3 = hybridization )                                        

YouTube                                 Instagram